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The Unani system of medicine originated in Greece and the term Unani is
derived from 'Unan', Arabic and Urdu for 'Greece'. The theoretical framework
of Unani medicine is based on the work of Hippocrates (460-377 BC). By
his method of careful study and comparison of symptoms, he laid down the
foundation for clinical medicine based on diet and rest.
He advocated
that the chief function of a physician is to aid the natural forces of
the body in combating a disease. Unani system follows the humoural theory
which postulates the presence of four humours in the body: dam (blood),
balgham (phlegm), safra (yellow bile) and sauda (black bile), a parallel
to kapha, vata and pitta, the three doshas in ayurveda.
A number
of Greek scholars after Hippocrates such as Galen (131-200 AD) followed
by Arab physicians like Rhazes (850-932 AD) and Avicenna (980-1037 AD),
enriched the system considerably. Rhazes and Avicenna authored Al-Hawi
and Al-Qanun respectively, which were compilations of their observations.
These were
later translated into Latin and other European languages and taught in
medieval European universities. They are said to have greatly influenced
western medical thought.
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